What ’s the difference between Uremia and uremic period？

Uremia is a series of symptoms of renal excretion dysfunction, manifested in the following aspects:

1. water, electrolyte acid-base balance disorders symptoms:

(1) nocturia increased (urine output, urine frequency), early normal urine or increased, advanced oliguria or anuria.

(2) due to fluctuations in sodium intake, the occurrence of low sodium or hypernatremia, hyponatremia when uremic patients may have indifferent, unresponsive, fatigue, muscle spasms, convulsions.

(3) potassium metabolism in the early to maintain a balance, some patients due to anorexia, long-term use of diuretics can be hypokalemia, uremia manifested as fatigue, bloating, heart rate slightly or premature, tendon reflex weakened or disappeared, late The patient may have hyperkalemia.

(4) calcium and magnesium metabolic disorders must have low calcium high phosphorus and high magnesium, uremia performance of hypocalcemia convulsions, renal bone malnutrition.

(5) metabolic acidosis uremia patients with fatigue, nausea and vomiting, deep breathing, and even myocardial contraction weakness, blood pressure.

2. uremic toxins caused by the system symptoms

(1) digestive system: loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, colitis, gastrointestinal bleeding (with a small amount of hematemesis and black manure).

(2) the nervous system: uremia symptoms of fatigue, insomnia, inattention, confusion, delirium, coma, in addition to muscle spasms, peripheral nerve paresthesia.

(3) hematopoietic system: anemia, bleeding tendency and hypercoagulable state.

(4) cardiovascular system: hypertension, uremic pericarditis, uremic myocardial damage (cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmia, heart failure, myocardial infarction).

(5) respiratory system: uremia lung or uremic interstitial pneumonia.

(6) skin: melanin calm, skin itching and so on.

3. Endocrine disorders: male uremic patients may have loss of libido, impotence infertility, male breast development; female patients with menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, infertility.

4. Metabolic disorders: impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia, hypoproteinemia, secondary hyperuricemia.

Uremic period is the end of chronic renal failure, uremia is not necessarily in the uremic period. Uremic period has a clear diagnostic criteria:

According to the degree of renal dysfunction can be based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine (cr) levels are pided into three phases:

First, renal insufficiency compensatory GFR between 60-89ml / min, blood Cr> 133 --- 177umol / L, clinically in addition to primary disease performance, there is no other symptoms.

Second, renal decompensation or azotemia GFR between 15-59ml / min, Cr> 177umol / L, mild fatigue, loss of appetite and varying degrees of anemia and other symptoms.

Third, uremic period GFR <15ml / min, Cr ≥ 707umol / L, has obvious clinical symptoms of uremia.

End stage renal failure (uremia) hemodialysis treatment

Uremia is a kind of serious disease caused by renal failure accompanying water electrolyte and acid-base imbalance. This disease can cause heart failure, acid-base balance disorders, skin itching, pericarditis, bleeding, anemia, infection and other complications. Most patients with uremia are associated with a variety of complications, and the prognosis is poor which  seriously affects the quality of life of patients, even caused life-threatening to patients . At present, the application of hemodialysis technology in clinical treatment of uremia is very extensive, since, how to improve the effect of hemodialysis, improve the quality of life of patients has been a hot research topic in clinical. The application of high efficient flow filtration, dialysis or flow are efficient dialysis method to improve the effect of hemodialysis. But limited by economic conditions, hospital medical conditions, these methods are difficult to practice.

In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has made a beneficial exploration in improving the effect of hemodialysis. Chinese medicine believes that [4]poor good and strong evil is the basic pathogenesis of patients with uremia, including evil heat, phlegm, dampness, deficiency of kidney qi and blood deficiency. Clinical treatment should pay attention to comprehensive treatment, the Fuzheng Quxie and unified methods through the whole process of medical treatment. Tongmai oral liquid is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation with pseudo-ginseng and astragalus root as main components. Pseudo-ginseng modern pharmacology research shows it can effectively regulate blood lipid levels, anticoagulation, vasodilation; Astragalus diuresis Gubiao, supplementing qi and nourishing Yin, modern research shows that Astragalus can play a role in immune regulation, improve glomerular capillary blood circulation, reduce blood viscosity, increase blood flow, accelerate the repair of injured kidney. The main component of rhubarb capsule is rhubarb which can remove blood stasis and descending the turbid dampness, clearing heat and purging the function, but also reduce nitrogen, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, reduce blood viscosity, play a regulating role of anticoagulation and immunity, improve lipid and amino acid metabolism.

The results of this study showed that patients in the treatment group, P KT/V, P PCR, gamma TACUREA improved significantly better than control group (P<0.05); BUN and BCR levels were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). This shows that hemodialysis in treatment of uremic auxiliary application of rhubarb capsules, Tongmai oral liquid can effectively improve the effect of hemodialysis, improve the quality of life of patients, and no adverse reaction. And this research is of important clinical value.

What are the symptoms of kidney failure? How to treat renal failure?

Because many people are not very clear for the symptoms of renal failure, so that failed to seize the timing of treatment when it in the event of mild symptoms, but for relative high risk factor of kidney failure,especially in the presence of memory loss , And there is a serious phenomenon of nausea and vomiting, should go to the hospital as soon as possible, then,what are the dangers of kidney failure?
what are the dangers of kidney disease?
First, Almost all patients have a certain degree of harm caused by kidney failure, then what is it? Renal failure on patients, including patients with heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and bone and skin are affected. The harm of this kidney failure is the experience of patients, pay attention to timely treatment, reduce injury.
Second, the risk of renal failure also includes the damage of patient's digestive system, then the patient's digestive system which patients will appear loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort and nausea, vomiting and some symptoms of renal failure, but also the patient's nervous system have a certain impact, the patient will appear depressed, fatigue, dizziness, memory loss and numbness of the limbs numbness and coma symptoms; patients will appear high blood pressure, heart failure and other heart diseases.
Third, renal failure can also cause harm to the patient's psychological, long-term treatment of renal failure is not very good, it is easy to give patients a psychological burden, long-term negative only will aggravate the patient's condition. Therefore, patients should be aware of this, and actively adjust their own mentality, and actively cooperate with the treatment.
what is the treatment for renal failure?
Western medicine commonly used hormones, immunosuppressive agents to anti-inflammatory and inhibit immunity, reduce the generation of pathogenic immune complexes, eliminate the inflammatory response, thereby relieving kidney damage. But once the withdrawal, it will immediately appear repeated, the disease will be more and more heavy.

The development of chronic kidney disease to kidney renal failure treat is a long process, in this process many patients seek medical advice has been removed a number of hospitals, for chronic kidney disease and kidney failure has a certain degree of understanding. We all know that the development of chronic kidney disease to the stage of renal failure has been difficult to completely cured. To suffer from pain and torture in patients with renal failure, to curb the development of the disease, to protect the kidney residual renal function, reduce blood creatinine concentration, to eliminate the pain caused by the complications to maintain stable disease does not continue to deteriorate, and will not develop to uremia The dialysis of the point, to the normal life is already their greatest wish.　

What Is Renal Hypertension?

The kidney is both an important organ of blood pressure regulation and is one of the major target organs of hypertension. The kidneys are responsible for the regulation of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and regulation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Kidney is rich in blood vessels, vulnerable to high blood pressure damage. Normal renal function plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure stability. Once the damage to renal function, will increase the high blood pressure, hypertension and further increase kidney damage, so the formation of a vicious cycle, leading to renal insufficiency and heart, brain and other vital organs damage.

Clinically caused by changes in renal structure and function of hypertension, known as hypertensive renal damage, mainly small arterial renal sclerosis. Hypertension for 5 to 10 years, can cause renal small arteriosclerosis (arcuate and interlobular artery intimal thickening, small arterial hyaline), wall thickening, lumen narrowing, and then Renal parenchymal ischemic damage, including glomerular ischemic shrinkage, sclerosis, tubular atrophy, renal interstitial cell infiltration and fibrosis, leading to benign arterial nephrosclerosis; and rapid hypertension or malignant Hypertension caused by malignant small arterial nephrosclerosis is currently relatively less.

In recent years, due to the increasing number of patients with hypertensive, the incidence of benign small arterial nephrosclerosis is also significantly increased. The disease is more common in Western countries, is the end stage of renal failure, the second cause (about 25%),  only second to diabetic nephropathy. In our country, benign small arterial nephrosclerosis in the end stage renal failure peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients, accounted for second (14.8%) and the third place (8.9%), in the peritoneal dialysis only second to chronic Nephritis, only second to chronic nephritis and diabetic nephropathy in hemodialysis. However, the harm of high blood pressure to the kidney has not been fully understood.

Dietary considerations of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is a serious illness of diabetes, diabetic patients are generally in the diet prevention, but in addition to should pay attention to diet taboos, they should pay more attention to patients' diet, diabetic nephropathy is every one harmful to people's health, if the diet is not cautious, can cause colossal difficulty. So what matters need to pay attention to diabetic nephropathy diet? Let's put happening gone a express at.

1 the first is to inform the intake of eatable salt. In general, diabetic patients should pay attention to eat less salt, diabetic nephropathy patients eat more salt will totaling taking place blood pressure, it will molest the kidneys. More likely to blinking the kidney. So to eat less salt.

2 limit protein intake. Special attention paid to limit forest proteins, such as beans, tofu, soy milk and accumulation soy products. Should be take over to accrue some high-mood protein intake, such as fish, thin meat, but not excessive.

3 to run the intake of potassium, too many potassium intake has a pleasurable manipulation, as suitable to avoid some foods containing potassium, such as leeks, tomatoes, etc..

4 control the intake of sugar, more sugar will amassed blood sugar, will lump the intensity of the disorder, should eat less sugary foods, such as watermelon, bananas, etc..

Patients must pay attention to diet taboos, not to exasperate the condition.

nephrotic syndrome nursing care plan

Nephrotic syndrome is not an independent disease, but by a variety of kidney disease caused by the following common performance of a group of clinical syndrome: a large number of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, water and hyperlipidemia. Do the nursing of patients with nephrotic syndrome and take the appropriate nursing measures to improve the quality of patients to overcome the physical and mental health, prevention of complications and promote disease recovery has a role can not be ignored.

• 1.Nursing care plan of nephrotic syndrome diet

  Nephrotic syndrome patients with hyperlipidemia can increased blood viscosity, hypoproteinemia, caused by insufficient effective blood volume, platelet hyperfunction and nephrotic syndrome,further exacerbating the hypercoagulable state, the thrombosis prone, the blood flow is slow, intravascular membrane damage, blood hypercoagulability is one of the three major factors of thrombosis, so the diet intervention on nephrotic syndrome patients, effective treatment of hyperlipidemia, prevention of thrombosis has important clinical significance, health education can strengthen the patients understanding of the complications of the disease , so as to establish effective compliance. First of all, responsible for the kidney disease patients repeatedly stressed the strict restriction of dietary fat and cholesterol intake. Fat content of not more than 30% of the total, cholesterol is not more than 300mg/d, encourage patients to eat more foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, promote the light rich in vitamin diet, as far as possible with soybean oil, corn oil for food oil. Protein intake is associated with the course of disease, generally by 0.8 ~ 1.0g/ (kg? D) was given to normal protein diet, 60% of them for the rest of animal protein, vegetable protein, albumin in plasma is lower than 20g/L, proteinuria more than 10g/d, the clinical application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, dietary protein (by 1.2 to 1.5g/ kg? D) given the high protein diet, with renal insufficiency were treated with 0.6 ~ 0.8g/ (kg? D) low protein diet. Strictly control the amount of liquid into 24 hours, the amount of water +500mL for the next day, the daily weight. Should be low salt diet, not more than 3G per day, and according to the needs of calcium, iron and trace elements, etc.. Responsible for nurses vary from person to person, according to the nutritional needs of their patients to develop a diet plan, reasonable conversion, allocation of recipes, issued to the patient, and to monitor whether the patient in accordance with the recipes meals. And through a pair of diet education, to strengthen the diet of patients with emphasis on treatment, effectively avoid the patients with kidney disease, what do not dare to eat, what to eat, two kinds of wrong diet mistakes.

• 2.health education for Nephrotic syndrome

  Explain to patients of nephrotic syndrome complicated with thrombosis, embolism causes, treatment and nursing care and other related knowledge, and encourage patients to actively cooperate with the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome and other primary disease, the establishment of good compliance, to thrombosis, embolism early prevention, early detection and treatment purposes. Hospitalized patients adhere to the law of life, a good rest, improve nutrition, increase the body resistance, avoid mood swings, patients once found infection positive control, is an important step in preventing recurrence of kidney disease. Discharged patients feel fatigue should be timely laboratory tests, such as abnormal timely admission, church patients to observe the complications of thrombosis, embolism.

• 3.observation

  To observe the clinical symptoms of cerebral embolism in patients with consciousness and language. The close observation of lower extremity edema, pain, sensory symptoms disorders, skin temperature, skin color, pulsation of dorsal artery of foot and lower extremity blood circulation of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. To observe the symptoms of renal vein thrombosis in patients with sudden low back pain, abdominal pain and gross hematuria. Ask the patient daily stool frequency, should maintain defecate unobstructed, avoid forced breath hold in order to prevent embolus off and cause pulmonary embolism. Whether the observation of patients with acute dyspnea, cyanosis, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis and pulmonary embolism symptoms occur or when the doctor should be notified immediately, symptomatic treatment, the nurse should be 15 ~ 30min in the ward visits 1 times, pay close attention to the condition changes, ask the patient to rest, thrombosis patients should keep the skin clean, elevation the limb above the level of the heart, 20 ~ 30cm, 15 degrees of knee flexion, avoid knee bolster, influence of venous return, pay attention to body warm, different planes daily in week to measure and record the limb size, prohibit the deposited or hot compress the limb.

• 4.Nephrotic syndrome medication care

  Ward established drugs after the key observation system and process, and in accordance with the implementation, timely recording, when the blood hypercoagulable state, should be given anticoagulants such as heparin, supplemented by platelet drugs, in the use of heparin, dipyridamole and other drugs in the process, if the skin, mucosa, oral cavity, gastrointestinal bleeding tendency when should be prescribed by drugs, and give symptomatic treatment, and observe the adverse reactions of drugs, such as headache, application of diuretics, appropriate plasma transfusion or intravenous albumin infusion, after intravenous injection of furosemide, should slow infusion, should not be too much too fast, so as to avoid the insufficient effective blood volume. In addition to blood hypercoagulability induced thrombosis associated with heart disease should be used with caution, to observe the diuretic effect of attention following diuresis, and pay attention to the extensive use of diuretics, patientssusceptible electrolyte disorder , leading to hyperuricemia, nerve deafness, severe hypoproteinemia, and induced circulatory dysfunction.

• 5.Nephrotic syndrome psychological nursing

  Nephrotic syndrome complicated with thrombosis in hospitalized patients because of the image change and appear fear, inferiority, refuse treatment, and even commit suicide and other adverse emotional reactions, nurses should be responsible for smiling, amiable attitude, positive emotions will be transmitted to the patient, often visited the wards, take the initiative to communicate with patients, patients with the patience to listen to talk, understand the patients' psychology needs corresponding nursing measures, help patients to establish the confidence to overcome the disease, emphasizing the things as they come, actively cooperate with the treatment at the same time, the mental state is very important, with love, compassion, responsibility, careful to provide patients with effective nursing care, psychological suggestion, explain to the patient treatment success the patients to eliminate the fear of adverse.

Through diet intervention and health education can improve the awareness of patients with self-care disease prevention,Establish a good concept of compliance behavior and health behavior,Thereby effectively reducing the incidence of thrombosis in patients with nephropathy.

Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a variety of causes of renal damage caused by glomerular filtration membrane permeability of plasma protein increased, a large number of plasma albumin from the urine caused by a group of clinical syndrome, its long course, easy to repeat, Therefore, care for patients with nephrotic syndrome is very important. The quality of care is good or bad, related to the development of the patient's condition, the length of the course and the effect of treatment. Nurses should be based on the patient's psychological, physiological, social and other factors to care for patients, to provide patients with a full range of care to help patients establish the confidence to overcome the disease, so that patients in the best treatment and treatment environment, promote disease recovery.

If you have any problems on nephritic syndrome or kidney disease, you can consult with our online doctor or send email to us: kidneytcm@yahoo.com

What drinks are good for protecting kidneys?

Here are some friends with similar question as we. What drinks are good for protecting kidneys? In this article, we will list some foods and drinks to protect kidneys.

1. Cranberry juice

It contains a compound that stops bacteria from sticking to the urinary tract wall and traveling up the ureter into the kidneys. Drinking a glass of cranberry juice may reduce the frequency of urinary tract infections that can turn into kidney infections.

2. Lemon and lime citrus juice

They are also beneficial because they contain rich citrate. Citrate helps prevent calcium from binding with minerals in the kidneys, creating crystals that form kidney stones.

3. Water

Water aids the kidneys to discharge wastes and toxins from the blood and remove them from the body as urine. Too little water declines kidney function, reducing the ability of the kidneys to filter and release any settled minerals that may lead to stones.

4. Beet juice

Beet juice contains betaine, a beneficial phytochemical which has antioxidant qualities and increases the acidity of urine. This can help clear calcium phosphate and struvite buildup from the kidneys. The removal of calcium in the kidneys not only improves kidney function, but also decreases the risk of kidney stones.

Beverages with added sodium and caffeine, such as soda and coffee, should be consumed moderately, since they place stress to kidneys by making them work extra hard to remove these fluids as waste. The above is only general information. Nutrition needs vary from person to person depending on body size, activity, the stage of kidney disease and other health concerns. You should talk to a renal dietitian to find a meal plan that meets your needs.

nephrotic syndrome nursing care plan

1.dietary intervention

Nephrotic syndrome patients with hyperlipidemia can increased blood viscosity, hypoproteinemia, caused by insufficient effective blood volume, platelet hyperfunction and nephrotic syndrome,further exacerbating the hypercoagulable state, the thrombosis prone, the blood flow is slow, intravascular membrane damage, blood hypercoagulability is one of the three major factors of thrombosis, so the diet intervention on nephrotic syndrome patients, effective treatment of hyperlipidemia, prevention of thrombosis has important clinical significance, health education can strengthen the patients understanding of the complications of the disease , so as to establish effective compliance. First of all, responsible for the kidney disease patients repeatedly stressed the strict restriction of dietary fat and cholesterol intake. Fat content of not more than 30% of the total, cholesterol is not more than 300mg/d, encourage patients to eat more foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, promote the light rich in vitamin diet, as far as possible with soybean oil, corn oil for food oil. Protein intake is associated with the course of disease, generally by 0.8 ~ 1.0g/ (kg? D) was given to normal protein diet, 60% of them for the rest of animal protein, vegetable protein, albumin in plasma is lower than 20g/L, proteinuria more than 10g/d, the clinical application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, dietary protein (by 1.2 to 1.5g/ kg? D) given the high protein diet, with renal insufficiency were treated with 0.6 ~ 0.8g/ (kg? D) low protein diet. Strictly control the amount of liquid into 24 hours, the amount of water +500mL for the next day, the daily weight. Should be low salt diet, not more than 3G per day, and according to the needs of calcium, iron and trace elements, etc.. Responsible for nurses vary from person to person, according to the nutritional needs of their patients to develop a diet plan, reasonable conversion, allocation of recipes, issued to the patient, and to monitor whether the patient in accordance with the recipes meals. And through a pair of diet education, to strengthen the diet of patients with emphasis on treatment, effectively avoid the patients with kidney disease, what do not dare to eat, what to eat, two kinds of wrong diet mistakes.

2.health education for Nephrotic syndrome

Explain to patients of nephrotic syndrome complicated with thrombosis, embolism causes, treatment and nursing care and other related knowledge, and encourage patients to actively cooperate with the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome and other primary disease, the establishment of good compliance, to thrombosis, embolism early prevention, early detection and treatment purposes. Hospitalized patients adhere to the law of life, a good rest, improve nutrition, increase the body resistance, avoid mood swings, patients once found infection positive control, is an important step in preventing recurrence of kidney disease. Discharged patients feel fatigue should be timely laboratory tests, such as abnormal timely admission, church patients to observe the complications of thrombosis, embolism.

3.observation

To observe the clinical symptoms of cerebral embolism in patients with consciousness and language. The close observation of lower extremity edema, pain, sensory symptoms disorders, skin temperature, skin color, pulsation of dorsal artery of foot and lower extremity blood circulation of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. To observe the symptoms of renal vein thrombosis in patients with sudden low back pain, abdominal pain and gross hematuria. Ask the patient daily stool frequency, should maintain defecate unobstructed, avoid forced breath hold in order to prevent embolus off and cause pulmonary embolism. Whether the observation of patients with acute dyspnea, cyanosis, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis and pulmonary embolism symptoms occur or when the doctor should be notified immediately, symptomatic treatment, the nurse should be 15 ~ 30min in the ward visits 1 times, pay close attention to the condition changes, ask the patient to rest, thrombosis patients should keep the skin clean, elevation the limb above the level of the heart, 20 ~ 30cm, 15 degrees of knee flexion, avoid knee bolster, influence of venous return, pay attention to body warm, different planes daily in week to measure and record the limb size, prohibit the deposited or hot compress the limb.

4.Nephrotic syndrome medication care

Ward established drugs after the key observation system and process, and in accordance with the implementation, timely recording, when the blood hypercoagulable state, should be given anticoagulants such as heparin, supplemented by platelet drugs, in the use of heparin, dipyridamole and other drugs in the process, if the skin, mucosa, oral cavity, gastrointestinal bleeding tendency when should be prescribed by drugs, and give symptomatic treatment, and observe the adverse reactions of drugs, such as headache, application of diuretics, appropriate plasma transfusion or intravenous albumin infusion, after intravenous injection of furosemide, should slow infusion, should not be too much too fast, so as to avoid the insufficient effective blood volume. In addition to blood hypercoagulability induced thrombosis associated with heart disease should be used with caution, to observe the diuretic effect of attention following diuresis, and pay attention to the extensive use of diuretics, patientssusceptible electrolyte disorder , leading to hyperuricemia, nerve deafness, severe hypoproteinemia, and induced circulatory dysfunction.

5.Nephrotic syndrome psychological nursing

Nephrotic syndrome complicated with thrombosis in hospitalized patients because of the image change and appear fear, inferiority, refuse treatment, and even commit suicide and other adverse emotional reactions, nurses should be responsible for smiling, amiable attitude, positive emotions will be transmitted to the patient, often visited the wards, take the initiative to communicate with patients, patients with the patience to listen to talk, understand the patients' psychology needs corresponding nursing measures, help patients to establish the confidence to overcome the disease, emphasizing the things as they come, actively cooperate with the treatment at the same time, the mental state is very important, with love, compassion, responsibility, careful to provide patients with effective nursing care, psychological suggestion, explain to the patient treatment success the patients to eliminate the fear of adverse.

Through diet intervention and health education can improve the awareness of patients with self-care disease prevention,Establish a good concept of compliance behavior and health behavior,Thereby effectively reducing the incidence of thrombosis in patients with nephropathy.

Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a variety of causes of renal damage caused by glomerular filtration membrane permeability of plasma protein increased, a large number of plasma albumin from the urine caused by a group of clinical syndrome, its long course, easy to repeat, Therefore, care for patients with nephrotic syndrome is very important. The quality of care is good or bad, related to the development of the patient's condition, the length of the course and the effect of treatment. Nurses should be based on the patient's psychological, physiological, social and other factors to care for patients, to provide patients with a full range of care to help patients establish the confidence to overcome the disease, so that patients in the best treatment and treatment environment, promote disease recovery.

The clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine treatment of uremia

Uremia is a serious kidney disease that because of loss of kidney function caused by water and electrolyte, acid-base imbalance caused by the accumulation of metabolic. This disease can cause heart failure, acid-base balance disorders, skin itching, pericarditis, bleeding, anemia, infection and other complications, most of the uremic patients will be combined with a variety of complications, and the prognosis is poor, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients and even life-threatening patients. At present, hemodialysis technology in the clinical application of uremia is very extensive, since the clinical application, how to improve  effection of hemodialysis, improve the quality of life of patients has always been a hot topic in clinical research. The use of high-performance blood flow filter, the application of high-flow dialyzer or high-performance dialysis devices are methods that often used to improve effection of hemodialysis, but these methods are difficult to  use widely because of the economic conditions of patients, hospital medical conditions .
In recent years, Chinese medicine in the treatment of uremia improving the effectiveness of hemodialysis carried out a useful exploration. Chinese medicine show that healthy energy deficiency and evil excess is the basic pathogenesis of end-stage uremia patients, evil, including heat, blood stasis, sputum, turbidity, wet, is virtual refers to kidney weakness, blood failure, throughout the course , Always runs through the cold - hot, virtual - real, positive - evil. Clinical treatment should focus on comprehensive treatment, will Quxie and Fuzheng unified together throughout the entire process of treatment. Tongmai oral solution is based on Panax, Astragalus as the main component of proprietary Chinese medicine preparations. Can be effective in regulating blood lipid levels, anticoagulation, dilation of blood vessels; Astragalus can benefit urine solid table, Qi and Yin, modern research shows that astragalus can also play an immune regulation, improvement of glomerular capillary blood flow, reduce blood viscosity, increase blood flow, speed up to repair the damaged kidney tissue. The main component of rhubarb capsules is rhubarb, which has the function of removing blood stasis and removing blood and reducing blood and reducing diarrhea. It can also reduce the nitrogen content, promote gastrointestinal motility, decrease blood viscosity, play anticoagulant and immunoregulate, Lipid, amino acid metabolism.

The results of this study showed that the improvement of ρKT / V, ρPCR and γTACUREA in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (P <0.05). The levels of BUN and BCR were significantly lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). This shows that hemodialysis treatment of uremia auxiliary application of traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb capsules, Tongmai oral solution can effectively improve effection of hemodialysis, improve the quality of life of patients, and no adverse reactions, has important clinical value.

What are the complications of uremic patients after dialysis?

Unbalanced syndrome: This dialysis complication of uremia refer to the process of dialysis or shortly after dialysis, the emergence of the nerve system to show the main symptoms, such as anxiety, headache, vomiting, blood pressure, severe lethargy, epilepsy-like attack, Wake up and die.
The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications: is an important cause of death in uremic maintenance dialysis patients. For example, low blood pressure is more common, due to excessive dehydration caused by excessive use of blood volume is not enough, also found in dialysis membrane rupture or other causes of bleeding, severe arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, pericardial hemorrhage and acute left heart failure. Is dialysis complication of uremia.
The edema: the kidneys can not clear the body of excess water and lead to liquid retention in the body tissue gap, early only in the ankle and eyelid edema, disappeared after the break, if the development of persistent or systemic edema, has been sick not light. This is one of the symptoms of uremia.
The drowsiness, fatigue: cause drowsiness and fatigue. Especially in the cause of full fight, most of them attributed to the work of tension and fatigue. This is also the symptom of uremia.

The symptoms of uremia

Uremia actually refers to the body can not produce urine through the kidneys, the body of the metabolism of waste and excessive water from the body, caused by poison. Modern medicine that uremia is a loss of renal function, the body's internal biochemical process disorders arising from a series of complex syndrome. Rather than an independent disease, known as renal failure syndrome or referred to as renal failure. This term is described by PIORRY and HERITER in 1840 after describing renal failure.
Common symptoms of uremia are loss of appetite, feeling dull, emotional indifference, lethargy, reduced urine output, facial and lower extremity edema, anemia, skin ulceration, muscle spasms, and sometimes can be uneasy, or even epilepsy. Uremic symptoms can occur slowly, long hidden without being found. Acute renal failure can occur within a few days, there is obvious symptoms of uremia. Uremic syndrome can be a varied, not necessarily all the symptoms are shown.

What is Hypertensive Nephropathy?

Hypertensive nephropathy is due to long-term increase in blood pressure in patients, gradually lead to renal arteriosclerosis, renal unit atrophy or disappear, clinically this high blood pressure caused by changes in renal structure and function, known as hypertensive nephropathy. Hypertensive nephropathy can lead to polyuria, nocturia, and then reduce urine output. If you can not get active and effective treatment, will develop uremia. Treatment of hypertension nephropathy on the premise that the blood pressure must first be reduced to normal, to avoid the continued damage to the kidneys, while recovering damaged renal function, so as to achieve complete recovery.

what is renal hypertension?

Unlike hypertensive nephropathy, renal hypertension is caused by the disease of the kidney itself, mainly due to renal parenchymal disease or renal artery stenosis, obstruction caused. Accounting for adult hypertension of 5% to 10%, is the main component of secondary hypertension, renal hypertension is an important symptom of chronic kidney disease and one of the common symptoms. Renal hypertensive patients occurred before the age of 30 or 50 years of age, often showed increased diastolic blood pressure, accounting for the proportion of the whole renal hypertension is not large. In addition, renal hypertension and renal function, renal dysfunction, increased blood pressure, renal failure in the latter part of the majority of renal hypertension.

Why high blood pressure cause kidney disease?

High blood pressure can cause kidney damage, which is commonly referred to as hypertensive nephropathy. This king of nephropathy generally have two kind of clinical type,that is benign renal arteriolar sclerosis and malignant arteriolar sclerosis.Benign renal arteriolosclerosis is a long-term hypertension that leads to renal arteriolar hyalinosis,causing renal ischemic changes, glomerular and renal tubular dysfunction, and ultimately can cause renal fibrosis and renal failure, pathological changes and hypertension duration and severity. Malignant renal arteriolosclerosis is due to the rapid development of hypertension caused by renal artery diffuse fibrinoid necrosis, resulting in rapid deterioration of renal function.

The vast majority of patients with hypertension and renal changes can occur, with the increase of age, glomerular sclerosis also increased, but often it is a slow process, hidden, easily ignored, until the patient had nausea, weakness, nocturia and other symptoms or physical examination found that renal failure. There is some danger signal of hypertensive renal injury at the early stage, such as nocturnal polyuria, usually sleep at night after getting up to more than 2 times, and each time the urine volume is more than the amount of urine at night, more than half of all day long.

In addition, it can be found that some of the foam in urine increased, but most are not obvious. High blood pressure can cause kidney damage, kidney disease can also cause high blood pressure, the two closely related to each other, forming a vicious circle, which will lead to uremia patients unknowingly. Therefore, patients with high blood pressure must pay attention to the monitoring of blood pressure, blood pressure medication through the adjustment to the desired level, which has an important role in the protection of renal function. In addition, patients with hypertension must be regular physical examination, routine monitoring of urine and renal function, and timely treatment.

Late uremia introduces a common symptoms?

 Late uremia introduces a common symptoms? Uremia advanced explain kidney has been severely damaged, and is likely to bring other body disease, so say that brings more pain to the patient; So, uremia patients with adanced patients have the following symptoms?

1. The gastrointestinal performance:

This is the most common symptoms of uremia and the earliest. After the initial stage is given priority to with anorexia, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth has urine smell and oral mucosa canker, and even accompanied by symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding badly. The cause of the digestive tract symptoms, is the retention of toxic substances in the body cause certain damage to the nervous system, and increase in the number of quantity of urea from the digestive tract, under the effect of bacteria or hydrolytic enzymes in the intestinal produce ammonium carbonate and ammonia, stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrointestinal disorders and varying degrees of mucous membrane inflammation and ulcers. In addition, the disorder of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance is also a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms.

2. Mental, neurological system performance:

Early symptoms are: depression, fatigue, dizziness, headache, memory loss, insomnia, associated with burning pain, itching, limb numbness, hands and feet must often move, can’t rest. Late appear sleepiness, be agitated, delirious speech, muscle tremor convulsions, seizures, coma and other symptoms. The causes of mental, neurological symptoms, is a metabolic product retention, water and electrolyte balance disorder, metabolic acidosis, and other factors, such as high blood pressure, the result of joint action.

3. The cardiovascular system performance:

Uremia often accompanied by increased blood pressure, which is mainly due to the water and sodium retention, part, with an increase in renin activity prostaglandin secretion decline and so on. High blood pressure for a longer time can make the left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial damage, heart failure, and cause systemic atherosclerosis. Renal arteriolar sclerosis and accelerate the deterioration of renal function. Retention of toxic substances, including the rise of parathyroid hormone can cause myocardial damage, uremic pericarditis, at this time, the area before the heart fibrin often can be heard, a few patient can have the pericardial effusion, serious cardiac tamponade can occur.

Helpful hints: for the convenience of patients and those in need to better understand the ‘late uremia introduces a common symptoms? ‘information, shijiazhuang kidney disease hospital expert special free < < online consulting > > service, authority kidney disease experts online to answer your kidney disease related diseases, according to the condition to provide the most professional treatment plan, and keeping secret for your privacy. I wish you recover at an early date!

Treatment measures for hypertensive nephropathy patients

The experts said that in the early stage of hypertensive nephropathy、light high blood pressure and the patients with normal urine routine could give non-medicine treatment, keep good emotion、losing weight、limited salt、control liquor、doing qigong and taichi, taking proper exercise and so on. Following content is about the treatment measures for hypertensive nephropathy patients.

　　1、Patients with malignant renal arteriolar sclerosis in short time, the renal function deteriorates rapidly, with hypertensive encephalopathy、loss of vision quickly、intracranial hemorrhage, and can’t take oral medicine, could be intravenous investigation, usually use sodium nitroprusside, try best in 12-24h control blood pressure. Minoxidil could reduce blood pressure rapidly, is suitable for initial treatment for malignant hypertension.

　　2、In early stage、light high blood pressure and patients with normal urine routine could offer non-medicine treatment, keep good emotion、loss of weight、limited salt and liquor、doing qigong and taichi, proper exercise and so on.

　　3、Patients with hyperlipidemia、diabetes and hyperuricemia should provide corresponding kidney treatment. At the same time supply the medicine of anti-platelet and adhesion, such as dipyridamole、aspirin and so on, these medicine maybe have the effect of preventing arteriolar nephrosclerosis.

　　4、The antihypertensive drugs could be chosen: (1) angiotensin converse enzyme inhibitor; (2) beta blockers; (3) calcium antagonist; (4) diuretic. Calcium antagonist and ACEI are better for haemodynamics of kidney, decreasing urine protein, ACEI is better than other anti-hypertension medication. Controlled blood pressure to normal or near to normal could protect、be stable or delay hypertensive renal damage.

　　5、Keep bowels open, should take Qing ning pill、Qing ning pill of Mo. Traditional Chinese medicine should choose radix bupleuri definite orange soup、decoction of gastrodia and uncaria and etc.

　　6、Patients with renal insufficiency should provide non-dialysis treatment and replacement treatment.

what are the symptoms for kidney failure?

1.severe renal failure patients with nasal bleeding or gastrointestinal bleeding.

2 kidney failure cardiovascular system symptoms

The majority of patients with renal failure have high blood pressure, with the progress of the disease, blood pressure showed a progressive upward trend. Long term hypertension, urinary toxin accumulation, water, electrolysis

Stromal disorders, acid-base imbalance and severe anemia, can  lead to abnormal heart organ, complicated by myocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion Yan Heavy disease.

3. renal failure hematopoietic system symptoms

The main symptoms of renal failure are anemia, in general hemoglobin determination  5-6g/dl.  Appear ecchymosis, nose bleeding, gingival bleeding, fundus spontaneous Sexual tendency.

4.  kidney failure neurological symptoms

Early symptoms of renal failure are headache, memory loss, lack of concentration, fatigue, a small number of people with decreased sexual function. Advanced drowsiness, consciousness fuzzy, muscle tremors, aches and pain. A serious disease of the nervous system, face stiff limbs, motionless, quarrel constantly out of a lot of saliva, and even convulsions convulsions and coma.

5. renal failure respiratory symptoms

Dry cough, nasal odor associated with pulmonary edema or dysfunction of heart failure, breathing more difficult, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, cough, white foam.

6.  renal failure symptoms of urinary system

In the early and middle stage of renal failure, there was a large amount of bubble like urine, and late night urine increased, and the proportion of urine was low, which was often fixed at about 1.010. At this time, not only kidney body .The volume is reduced, and the majority of the patient’s urine volume begins to decrease gradually to no urine. Of course, the amount of urine increased from reduced to no urine, requires a process,1-2 years ranging.

7. renal failure acidosis symptoms

Renal function damage, the concentration of urine is poor, resulting in an increase in the amount of urine at night, can make the body in a semi dry state, in the removal of extreme thirst inability to walk. To the development of the disease to uremia, urine volume gradually began to decrease, causing the body organs, tissues of varying degrees of edema, accompanied by made of water and electrolyte disorders in moderate or severe hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and other symptoms of poisoning.

In fact, the phenomenon of kidney failure occurs frequently in men, that is, the pressure of work for a long time is relatively large, physical and mental fatigue has a great relationship, so for the emergence of renal failure, we must be vigilant, so as not to harm the health of the disease.

How to choose the medicine to get lupus nephritis

It's clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated this disease, because it will endanger the multiple systems of the body organs, women have more of the disease, it is equivalent to Western lupus erythematosus, are generally in the cheeks, if a long time without treatment it will spread in the whole body system, many organs, follow-up treatment will be very troublesome, if pregnant if this is to be different, if you are normal psychological, physiological, can be pregnant, but after pregnancy will increase the burden on the body, is also likely to aggravate.

1 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or affect the pregnancy, because it can lead to miscarriage or fetal malformation, fetal death and so on, but now the technology is developed, so the doctor knows, or may give birth to a healthy baby, but must be in your condition is stable in the absence of pregnancy.

2 basically stable after 1 years, you can consider pregnancy, can use prednisone, but the dose should be small, not too much, and the use of cytotoxic drugs, which lasted for 6 months, look at the condition of the body, if there is no occurrence of some important organs diseases, you can consider to baby

3 after pregnancy, must go to consult several hospitals, choose some of the larger hospitals in the know specialist must regularly check up, when the production of baby also must go to experience large hospitals, lupus is likely to be genetic, but it is not a hereditary so don't worry too much about the disease.

Must always maintain a good mood, do not be too anxious, nervous, so also detrimental to the fetus. Usually have to go for a walk, eat nutritious food, but also eat more vitamin rich fruits, such as apples, bananas, grapefruit, kiwi, oranges, tomatoes, etc.

Hypertension in patients with dietary taboo what?

Patients with hypertension to control the disease through diet,Hypertensive nephropathy can eat what food?, Hypertensive nephropathy in patients with diet to eat less salt, poultry meat to limit, do not eat spicy food.

First, high blood pressure (blood pressure food) patients should usually be light vegetarian (vegetarian food) based.

• 1, should eat antihypertensive and hypolipidemic effect of food, such as celery, cabbage, radish, carrot, onion, garlic, kelp, jellyfish (garlic food) and banana;
• 2, should eat vegetable protein (protein) content of foods, such as beans, spinach and bean products, eggplant, gluten, shepherd's purse, fungus, sesame, seaweed; 
• 3, usually advised to use vegetable oil for cooking;
• 4, small meat foods can also eat some slightly, such as shredded meat, sliced meat, pork, beef, fish, carp, snakehead, in order to maintain a certain nutrition.

Next,Hypertensive patients with kidney disease should avoid foods

• 1, avoid eating spicy foods, such as pepper, pepper, chili oil, chili sauce also should eat or not eat; 
• 2, animal oil (oil) lipid content high food and sweet foods, such as fat, liver, brain, kidney, pig egg yolk, fish liver oil, roe, crab, sugar and candy food;
• 3, eat easy gas producing foods such as dried beans, potatoes, potatoes and so on; you should use less salt, cooking with low salt Piandan properly, the best use of salt every day not more than 5 grams of salt, food should eat or not eat daily.
• 4; life, should also avoid smoke, wine, tea, coffee, cocoa and other exciting food.

How to treat hypertensive nephropathy ?

Hypertensive nephropathy is a common kidney disease ,which can bring big damage to the patients ,hypertension is mainly occur among the elderly ,so how to treat hypertensive nephropathy ?

　　1.Roughly normal can give non-drug therapy ,early stage ,slight high blood pressure and routine urine test should keep a good emotion ,lose weight ,limit salt and wine ,practice qigong and tai chi ,properly physical exercise .

　　2.Of antihypertensive drugs ,calcium channel blockers and ACEI hemodynamic more advantageous to the kidneys and ACEI reduced urinary protein is better than other blood pressure medicines .(18.7/12kPa，140/90mmHg)can prevent ,stable or delay high blood pressure kidney lesion .

　　3.Sclerosis patients’renal function rapidly deterioration in a short time .In with hypertensive encephalopathy ,malignant renal arteriole vision rapidly decline ,intracranial hemorrhage and cannot oral drugs can intravenous administration ,often use sodium nitroprusside ,try best to control the blood pressure in 12-24 hours .Long press can quickly reduce blood pressure ,suitable for the initial treatment of malignant hypertension .

　　4.Patients with diabetes and hyperuricemia will accompany with hyperlipemia ,so should give corresponding treatment .At the same time should use platelet aggregation and adhesion of the drugs ,such as dipyridamole and aspirin ,which may have the effect that prevent renal arteriolar sclerosis .

Traditional Chinese Medicine treat hypertensive nephropathy

What are the Traditional Chinese Medicine of hypertensive nephropathy?The occurrence of hypertensive nephropathy is serious threaten to patient’s health .The treatment of this illness is one of the questions which all hypertensive nephropathy patients care about .Now let me introduce to you the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy .

　　Traditional Chinese Medicine for patients with hypertensive nephropathy

　　Traditional Chinese Medicine can treat and adjust the illness fundamentally.Hypertensive nephropathy patients should strictly follow the doctor’s guidance and treatment .Cannot obey some one-sided treatment ,in this way cannot only treat disease ,but also can delay the illness .

　　1.Treatment based on syndrome and differentiation

　　Traditional Chinese Medicine for patients with hypertensive nephropathy include the dialectical treatment method ,this method is the important principles in the traditional Chinese medicine therapy of hypertension nephropathy .In the process of traditional Chinese medicine treatment ,through the analysis judgment ,the listening and asking to judge and get the illness ,and then according to the result suit the remedy to the case and treat the disease .

　　2.Concept of concept

　　Traditional Chinese Medicine for hypertensive nephropathy should pay attention to holistic therapy ,this holistic therapy can be from all aspects to the patient’s body to recuperate .In the treatment patients should according to the causes to take effective treatment .In traditional therapy treat hypertensive nephropathy is to adjust patient’s physique overall and then reach to the goal of treating kidney disease .

　　3.Symptomatic treatment and medical treatment

　　Symptomatic treatment and medical treatment belongs to traditional Chinese medicine for hypertensive nephropathy .In the treatment ,hypertensive nephropathy patient should be based on different stages of clinic symptoms to take treatment ,through drugs to treat kidney disease can improve renal internal environment ,strengthen metabolic function

Rational diet of hypertensive nephropathy

   Rational diet of hypertensive nephropathy.Hypertension Nephropathy should not only active treatment, but also pay attention to a reasonable diet. Healthy and reasonable diet plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. What does the daily diet of hypertensive nephrosis patient need to notice?

　　1、Change diet habit: analyze self diet under the guidance of doctor, change bad diet habit, limit some food, so that could conform nutrient requirement and improve life quality.

　　2、Control the supply of heat: proper heat should be decided according to condition, generally speaking as the standard to maintain ideal weight. Due to this kind of patients always have lipid metabolism disorder, so decreasing the intake of fat, not only be good for controlling heat, but also improve metabolism disorder.

　　3、Lower salt、high vitamin diet: hypertensive nephropathy patients should control the intake of salt, avoid salty food; the food add to preservative should take less. Take enough vitamins especially for vitamin B, it is good for adjust metabolism, in necessarily take vitamin supplement.

　　4、Proper drinking tea: tea polyphenols is important for lipid metabolism.

　　5、Protein is the essential nutrient, but too much protein will increase kidney burden, aggravate kidney damage; lack of protein will affect nutrition supply. So patients should take protein intake according to renal function: no clear renal damage, the intake of protein should control in 50g; if have the abnormal of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, the intake of protein should decrease into 20-40g.

　　6、Hypertensive nephropathy patient should limit the intake of salt: everyday should decrease under 6g. this quantity refers to the total quantity including cooking salt and other food contains salt. Proper decreasing the intake of salt is good for deducing blood pressure, declining the water and sodium retention.

Hypertension will change into uremia?

Hypertension will change into uremia? The relationship between blood pressure and stroke may be known to many people. In fact, the relationship between hypertension and uremia is also very close. If we do not carry out the effective early treatment of the disease, we will eventually develop into renal insufficiency uremia. According to an authoritative survey found that 15% of the development of hypertension will be uremia, and blood pressure control is good or bad, a direct impact on the occurrence, development, efficacy and prognosis of uremia. So, hypertension will change into uremia? Patients with hypertension and kidney disease in particular need to pay attention to the following three points:

Hypertension will change into uremia? First, the blood pressure control at the desired level

China is a big country with high blood pressure, but there is a very low risk of hypertension in China, such as low awareness rate, low rate of taking medicine and low control rate of three. Census found that patients with high blood pressure is not less than half of them; there are less than 12.5% of patients treated with high blood pressure; can take medication to control blood pressure at an ideal level of only about 2.9%. Therefore, in the whole society to carry out the promotion of hypertension, improve awareness of the dangers of hypertension imminent.

Hypertension will change into uremia? Two, closely monitor renal function

It is a precondition to prevent renal damage by controlling blood pressure at an ideal level. At the same time, the renal function of hypertensive patients should be closely monitored. Specific measures for:

1, regular examination of renal function, including endogenous creatinine clearance rate, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, preferably every 2 months check 1 times.

2, if there is a close observation of the early symptoms of uremia, such as fatigue, backache leg soft weakness, loss of appetite or nausea and vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms, and sallow complexion, pale tongue, pale lips, eyelids etc. anemia. Once the symptoms appear, should promptly check the renal function, to confirm whether there is abnormal.

3, all endogenous creatinine clearance rate, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen increased in patients, should be in accordance with the early treatment of uremia timely treatment.

Hypertension will change into uremia? Three, the rational choice of drugs and treatment programs for kidney disease.

There are many different kinds of antihypertensive drugs. The basic principle of choosing antihypertensive drugs is to have no renal toxicity, or to protect the kidney. Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers and beta blockers have a protective effect on renal function. On the kidney in the treatment of hypertension, such as in the selection of Western medicine combined with traditional Chinese medicine regulating blood pressure and lifting, tonifying the liver and kidney, has a good effect on maintaining blood pressure and protect the renal function.

Kidney dialysis patients diet precautions

Kidney dialysis patients diet precautions

Kidney dialysis patients diet precautions? As a serious kidney disease patients friends, it is necessary treatment is kidney dialysis, then this treatment on the human body is very hurt, there are side effects may also be added, then in order to better help patients Friends, what aspects of diet to improve it?

Dialysis therapy is based on the semipermeable membrane "membrane balance" principle, the use of a certain concentration of electrolyte and grape (grape food) sugar composition of the dialysate and the accumulation of metabolites in the blood, water and electrolyte for osmotic exchange, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment The Clinical use of renal failure in patients with hemodialysis (also known as artificial kidney) and peritoneal dialysis two methods. Application of dialysis patients after the general condition can be improved, but to lose some nutrients, which, amino acids, inorganic salts, water-soluble vitamins (vitamin food) lost more. There have been reports of 12 hours of hemodialysis when the amino acid (amino acid food) is equivalent to 4.79 grams of protein (protein food), peritoneum can lose body protein 25 - 40 grams, so the diet should be timely with the deployment of treatment. After dialysis, the majority of patients improved symptoms, increased appetite, blood urea nitrogen decreased, so the diet should pay attention to the following characteristics:

1. Protein: Where regular hemodialysis patients daily diet at least 50 grams (0.75 to 1.0 grams per kilogram of body weight), if 30 hours per week hemodialysis, dietary protein in the daily weight per kilogram of supply 1.0 G or 1.2 g to maintain nitrogen balance. Abdominal patients can reach 1.2 to 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight, of which high-quality protein to account for 50% to 70%. Can choose milk eggs and other animal protein.

2. less oil (oil food) low cholesterol diet: dialysis often hyperlipidemia, in order to prevent increased arteriosclerosis should control the diet of fat cholesterol.

3. Potassium, sodium, calcium (calcium food), phosphorus: should be based on blood test results and urine volume at any time to adjust. Sodium generally daily limit of 1500 to 2000 mg, is a low-salt diet. Urine should be strictly controlled. Potassium to see blood potassium and urine output is generally less than 1300 mg per day, blood phosphorus to maintain the level of 4.5 to 5.0 mg / dl, such as high phosphorus also control high phosphorus (cereal) beans food Etc., and at the same time pay attention to calcium supplements to prevent blood calcium decline.

4. Water-soluble vitamins: In addition to eating through the diet, the oral drug supplement, such as vitamin B2, folic acid (folic acid food), pyridoxine, ascorbic acid and so on.

5. The amount of liquid according to the amount of urine and dialysis to maintain the balance, not less than 1000 ml per day.

Tips: kidney dialysis patients diet precautions? The pace of life to speed up the improvement of living standards, disease prevention has not been taken seriously. The kidney is called innate, and the kidney is a very important organ for mankind. It is related to all aspects of our body, prevention, treatment, supplemented, please always pay attention to their own health, protect the kidneys, healthy body is the premise of other things we do other things.

what is renal hypertension|renal hypertension symptoms and treatment

Renal hypertension is a secondary hypertension, mainly due to renal parenchymal lesions and renal artery disease caused by elevated blood pressure. The incidence of the disease is mainly due to glomerular degeneration, interstitial tissue and connective tissue hyperplasia, tubular atrophy, renal small artery stenosis, resulting in both the substantive damage to the kidneys, but also the lack of blood supply; renal artery wall Middle mucus muscle fiber hyperplasia, the formation of the majority of small aneurysms, so that the renal artery wall was beaded beads prominent, resulting in segmental stenosis of the renal artery; non-specific Takayasu arteritis, causing renal perfusion insufficiency; in the combined effect of the above factors , Leading to the occurrence of hypertension. And high blood pressure will cause kidney damage, the two promote each other, will make the disease further development, therefore, for renal hypertension to active treatment.

Clinical symptoms of renal hypertension

1. Signs about half of the upper abdomen, ipsilateral lower back or rib margin, hear a continuous systolic murmur, or with mild tremor.

2. Symptoms 30 years old or 50 years old, long-term high blood pressure suddenly increased or sudden onset of hypertension, short duration, rapid progress, diastolic blood pressure is particularly evident, with lower back or rib abdominal pain, drug treatment is invalid.

3. Special inspection The following can be done separately or in combination:

• A.Renal angiography, showing arterial filling defects, stenosis of the distal vasodilatation or no vascular parts;
• B.Intravenous pyelography, showing kidney kidney 1.5 ~ 2.0cm smaller than the kidney, irregular shape, early development slow and pale, late development thicker;
• C. Percutaneous puncture with the catheter inserted into the inferior vena cava, respectively, to take both sides of the renal vein blood for renal determination, suffering from renal vein blood renin higher;
• D. Sub-renal function determination, showing a small amount of kidney urine, urinary sodium low, creatinine or inulin clearance rate decreased;
• E. Ultrasound showed less kidney.
• F. Kidney chart showed ipsilateral curve of the vascular segment is low and delayed, excretion section extended.

Renal hypertension treatment

1, renal vascular hypertension treatment:

renal vascular hypertension treatment, mainly to surgery, including nephrectomy, renal vascular reconstruction, percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty (PTRA), renal artery stenting ( Metal stent) and other interventional therapy. Drugs preferred calcium channel blockers, such as felodipine, nifedipine, etc., can effectively reduce blood pressure, less cause kidney damage. Followed by beta receptor antagonists, such as metoprolol. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists are contraindicated in the treatment of renal vascular hypertension.

2, the treatment of renal parenchymal hypertension

Drug treatment: to block the renin – angiotensin system (RAS) as the preferred method. There are currently two categories of blocking RAS drugs currently used: ACEI and Ang II receptor antagonists. Medication should in principle avoid kidney damage drugs, low dose start, combined medication. Other include diuretics, calcium antagonists (CCB), alpha, beta blockers and the like.

More and more patients with high blood pressure. Diet structure is irrational, intake of cholesterol is too high, a lot of alcohol, lack of sleep, lack of exercise, etc., are the reasons for the rise in hypertensive patients year after year. Promote healthy lifestyles, eliminate behaviors and habits that are detrimental to mental and physical health, and reduce the risk of high blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease. Adjust the living habits, quit smoking, control drinking, the right to deal with environmental stress, to maintain a normal state of mind. For end-stage renal failure in patients with dialysis, first of all to adjust the water and salt intake, to achieve the ideal dry weight. Note that low sodium, low fat. Low sodium can not only effectively control the sodium, water retention, and can increase ACEI and calcium channel blockers (CCB) of the antihypertensive effect.

Especially in the season when the replacement, it is necessary to pay close attention to blood pressure, keep blood pressure stability. Also note that high blood pressure patients must adhere to taking antihypertensive drugs, can not be random withdrawal. Even if not feel uncomfortable, should also adhere to medication. Otherwise, it is very dangerous, random withdrawal and other high blood pressure after eating it is easy to cause blood pressure rebound. In the process of bounce, some of the organs of the body will be unknowingly hurt, and may even appear cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accident. We recommend that when the blood pressure dropped to the normal range, you can appropriately reduce the dose, but can not just stop. In addition to persist in taking medicine, the regular review is also very important, especially for blood pressure observation, we recommend the best patients at home to prepare blood pressure meter, regular monitoring of blood pressure.